USDA Loan Limits: Income Limits & Max Loan Amount in 2025

What Is a USDA Loan?

A USDA loan is a mortgage program guaranteed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) designed to help low-to-moderate-income borrowers purchase homes in eligible rural areas. These loans offer significant benefits, including:

• No down payment requirement
• Competitive interest rates
• Flexible credit requirements
• Lower mortgage insurance costs

Before considering the pros and cons of USDA loans, it’s important to understand the program’s limits and requirements.

USDA Loan Types

When exploring USDA loans, it’s important to understand the difference between USDA guaranteed loans and USDA direct loans:

• USDA Guaranteed Loans: USDA guaranteed loans are offered through approved lenders and backed by the USDA, making homeownership more accessible for moderate-income borrowers in rural areas. While borrowers are subject to USDA guaranteed loan income limits with this option, this type of USDA mortgage is not restricted by regional loan limits. 
• USDA Direct Loans: Unlike guaranteed loans, USDA direct loans are issued directly by the USDA to low- and very low-income applicants and often feature more favorable terms like lower interest rates and longer repayment periods. USDA direct loans are not as widely available as USDA guaranteed loans and tend to have more stringent qualification requirements. Borrowers must meet USDA direct loan income limits and regional USDA home loan limits to qualify. 

Using a USDA loan, you can buy or refinance a home. USDA purchase loans allow eligible buyers to finance a home with no down payment, making it an attractive option for those in rural areas. These loans typically offer competitive interest rates and low mortgage insurance, helping moderate-income families achieve homeownership without the financial burden of a large down payment. The program is designed to make homeownership more affordable in rural and suburban areas where conventional loans might be harder to access.

USDA streamline refinance loans provide an easy way for current USDA borrowers to refinance their existing loans to secure a lower interest rate or better terms. This refinancing process is faster and simpler than traditional methods, usually requiring no appraisal or income verification. It’s an excellent option for borrowers who want to reduce monthly payments or improve their loan conditions without the hassle of a full refinance process.

What Is the Maximum USDA Loan Amount?

One of the most appealing aspects of USDA guaranteed loans is that they don’t have predetermined loan limits. Rather, the maximum loan amount is determined by the borrower’s household income and ability to repay the loan. This differs from USDA direct loans, which do have specific regional limits.

The guaranteed loan program is more common and works through approved lenders, while direct loans are handled by the USDA itself and are designed to help you buy a house with low income.

USDA Direct Loan Limits

While USDA guaranteed loans don’t have set limits, USDA direct loans do come with regional restrictions. As of March 2025, these limits range from $419,300 in standard-cost areas to $970,800 in high-cost regions. These amounts are adjusted annually based on local housing costs and market conditions.

USDA Loan Income Limits

USDA loan income limits determine whether your household earnings qualify for this mortgage program. For 2025, these limits vary significantly based on your location and household size. In most areas, standard income ranges allow up to $112,450 for households with 1-4 members and up to $148,450 for households with 5-8 members.

However, USDA income eligibility adapts to local economic conditions, particularly in rural areas where living costs tend to be lower. In these regions, the limits typically decrease to $91,900 for 1-4 member households and $121,300 for 5-8 member households. The USDA calculates these thresholds using your area’s median income as a baseline, ensuring the program remains accessible to those who need it most.

When evaluating your USDA loan income eligibility, lenders look at your total household income, not just the borrower’s earnings. This comprehensive review includes the combined earnings of all adult residents, regular benefit payments, investment returns, rental property income, and any other consistent income sources.

To verify your income, you’ll need to provide several key documents:

• W-2s and tax returns from all working adults
• Recent pay stubs
• Self-employment profit/loss statements
• Benefits award letters
• Court-ordered payment documentation

USDA home loan income limits aren’t static — they adjust annually based on local housing costs, regional economic conditions, area median income changes, and national housing market trends.

Other USDA Loan Qualification Requirements

While USDA loan income limits are a primary consideration, the program and lenders have several additional qualification requirements designed to ensure long-term success for borrowers. Understanding these requirements upfront can help you determine if a USDA loan aligns with your home-buying goals.

• Property must be in an eligible rural area: The USDA defines “rural” more broadly than you might expect. Many suburban areas within reasonable commuting distance to major cities qualify. You can check your desired location’s eligibility using the USDA’s online mapping tool.
• Credit score typically 600 or higher: Credit score requirements vary by lender. You may qualify with a low score if you can demonstrate strong compensating factors like stable employment or low debt.
• Property must be your primary residence: The home must be where you live full-time — no vacation homes or investment properties qualify. You’ll need to certify that you’ll occupy the property within 60 days of closing.
• U.S. citizenship or permanent residency: While you don’t need to be a U.S. citizen, you must be able to verify your legal permanent residence status. Non-permanent residents may qualify if they can demonstrate a minimum three-year residency.
• Clean credit history with no recent bankruptcies: Most lenders require at least three years after a Chapter 7 bankruptcy or one year after a Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Late payments should be minimal and well-explained.
• Property must meet USDA safety and condition standards: The home will undergo a USDA appraisal to ensure it’s safe, structurally sound, and functional. Major issues must be repaired before closing, though minor repairs may be included in the loan amount.

USDA Loan Alternatives

If you don’t qualify for a USDA loan due to income limits or location restrictions, several other government-backed and conventional loan programs can help you achieve homeownership. Each alternative offers unique benefits and may better suit your specific situation.

• VA loans: These loans are only available to veterans, active duty service members, and eligible spouses. VA loans offer 100% financing with no mortgage insurance requirement. These loans often come with lower interest rates and flexible credit requirements.
• FHA loans: The Federal Housing Administration’s mortgage program allows for credit scores as low as 580 with just 3.5% down. FHA loans are popular for first-time homebuyers and those rebuilding their credit, as they offer more lenient qualification requirements.
• Conventional loans: These traditional mortgages typically require a minimum 620 credit score and a 3-5% down payment. While they may have stricter requirements, conventional loans often offer lower mortgage insurance costs that can be canceled once you reach 20% equity.
• Non-QM loans: Conventional and government-backed loans can have certain restrictions on rural properties and the amount of acreage. Non-QM loan types may provide more options if the property is unique.

Finding a property for sale with an assumable mortgage is another great strategy. Taking over someone’s existing mortgage can help you secure a lower interest rate than current market rates. This option works particularly well when interest rates are rising.

See If You Qualify for a USDA Loan

Ready to explore your USDA loan options? Start by checking your eligibility through the Griffin Gold app. Our team can help you navigate USDA loan limits, verify your income eligibility, and guide you through the application process.

Ready to take the next step toward homeownership? Contact Griffin Funding today.